Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final paper - Essay Example By studying all of these traditions, one finds that they are all useful or most types if childhood issues. In the 1940s, Carl Rogers (1951, 1955) established a new model of, person centered therapy. Emphasis was placed on the relationship between therapist and client based upon genuineness, acceptance and trust. Person centered theory provided a new perspective of personality structure, psychological health and the process of change in therapy. Largely influenced by the person centered approach, Axline (1969, 1971) developed a new therapeutic approach for working with children - non directive Play Therapy. Based on the person centered theory, Axline devised a clear Play Therapy theory and method. She said "No-one ever knows as much about a human beings inner world as the individual himself. Responsible freedom grows and develops from inside the person". For over 50 years, Play Therapy has been practiced and researched within the United States. This has been led by many Play Therapists, including Moustakas (1953, 1966, 1973, 1981, 1992) and Schaefer (1976, 1986, 1993), who have progressed Axlines original formulations and devised differing models integrating elements of systemic family therapy, narrative therapy, solution focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Play Therapy started to emerge as a new and differing tradition in the 1980s. Since then, the Childrens Hour Trust has taught professionals the basic techniques of Axlines Play Therapy that are used in a multitude of settings. As play therapy developed it was still applicable not only to all children but in numerous setting. British Drama Therapists started using Play Therapy methods to enhance their Drama Therapy with children. Sue Jennings (1994) and Ann Cattanach (1993, 1994, 1998) integrated parts of non directive Play Therapy to enlarge the British Play Therapy movement. Actualization - Humans are motivated by an innate tendency to develop constructive and healthy

Are issues of immigration and refugee status questions concerning Essay

Are issues of immigration and refugee status questions concerning human rights or just the basic rights of citizenship - Essay Example Immigration is the unidirectional inward movement of individuals into a population or population area, departure from ones native land to settle in another, or â€Å"entrance of a person (an alien) into a new country for the purpose of establishing permanent residence†. 1 Reasons for immigration are most often economic, though religious and political factors may also be present. Reasons such as unbearable economic conditions and poor future prospects in the home country are called â€Å"push factors†.2 Immigration for education, retirement migration to countries with lower living costs and migration for reasons of health are examples of ‘pull factor’ immigration. Immigration due to persecution, abuse, ethnic cleansing and war risks are examples of push factor immigration. Some immigration takes place for personal reasons, such as for being with family or loved ones. Very wealthy persons move to countries with liberal tax structures. Highly skilled persons or those with exceptional talent are often invited to immigrate. The definition of refugee now includes persons fearing persecution for ethnic or religious reasons, nationality, group membership or political opinion, and persons who have fled from their homes to other places in their own countries. Refugees are displaced persons, but not all are included in the definition of "refugee" under international law, such as internally displaced people. Refugee status is determined on the basis of interpretation of persecution and the grounds for determining status. Persecution has meanings that are liable to different interpretations. Grounds for determination of refugee status depend on the grounds for persecution: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. 4 Human rights are ‘The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled, often held to include the right to life

Thames tunnel (london) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Thames tunnel (london) - Research Paper Example The tunnel measures 11m (35 feet) wide 6m (20 feet) high and 396 m (1,300 feet) long (Teape 6). It runs a depth of 23 m (75 feet) below the surface of River Thames when measured at high tide. In early 19 century, there was no land that could connect the South and north banks of the Thames and to connect the expanding docks on either side of the River. The port of London the main hub of across the entire British Empire and the business worldwide. Any bridge constructed was supposed to allow ships that had masts over one hundred feet tall to be sailed under them yet there was no available technology if the Tower bridges lifting bascules to early engineers (Will 15). It could not be possible for a horse to pull a cat that was loaded up through a steep hill up to 100 feet into the air at a gentle slope. The approach ramps needed to be very long, which made in impractical. This pressing need so Engineer Ralph Dodd develop a tunnel to between Tilbury and Gravesend in 1799 (Teape 6). This first attempt did not succeed. Later (1805-1809) a group of Cornish miners being led by Richard Trevithick made another attempt of digging a tunnel upriver between Limehouse/Wapping and Rotherhithe. The equally encountered difficult conditions and failed. As Cornish miners, they were used to dealing with hard rocks. They needed to modify the methods they used in digging hard rocks to enable them to deal with quicksand and soft clay (Teape 8). There was also the problem of the flooding of the initial pilot tunnel. It was reported that after 1000 feet of the total 1,200 feet became flooded, the Thames Archway project was abandoned. It measures 2 to 3 feet by 5 feet, and was intended to be used for a passenger’s use. The failure of this early project made engineers to come to a conclusion that constructing an underground tunnel was impractical. However, Marc Brunel , the Anglo-French engineer, could not agree to this.

Economics slp module 02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics slp module 02 - Essay Example As the trend for going â€Å"Green† is on the rise globally, the demand for organic foods which are environmentally friendly, healthier and more nutritious than other grown foods is also growing rapidly. The official figures say that organic markets are increasing by about 20% per annum as compared to 2% to 4% in the non organic market1. The supply of organic milk is very hard to cope at the moment. This is because dairy farms have to follow extremely careful practices on providing their cows with the right environment and not over-milk them. Organic means natural, this is why cows have to be treated in the most natural way possible. Wal-Mart therefore lay down strict guidelines for its organic milk producer Aurora, to meet. Being Wal-Mart, the whole procedure had to be big as well, so Aurora is currently using 3500 cows for its organic milk production. The cows are given a break when they are not lactating, which is about three to four months a year. Apart from this, the cows are also given a huge field to roam around in and graze in grass like they would naturally do. This 3500 figure might not look big enough for most dairy farms, but for organic milk production this is a huge number of cows to handle. This is why the company tripled its size of grazing fields since the start of production. Naturally, Wal-Mart has since encountered many criticisms from its competitors. The biggest is Whole Foods. This is the current biggest organic food supplier in the market. The market reputation of Wal-Mart has been slightly affected by these criticisms because when some competitor firms like Whole Foods and Organic Valley examined the procedures and facilities at the diary farm they dubbed them â€Å"unacceptable†. However, since then Wal-Mart has their dairy farms examined by independent inspectors and gotten a satisfactory result. This has made the market position of Wal-Mart a little stringer in the organic

Personal Health Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Health Lab - Essay Example The issue of financial benefit from Lacks’s cells continues to be raised. Her heirs are the antithesis of a Norman Rockwell American family. Since many of them live at a subsistence level and often without health care, there is considerable irony in the fact that millions of dollars have been made on Lacks’s genetic material. Those who carry her genes have not seen one cent of that windfall. Decades passed before the family even knew of the continued existence of their mother, in her extraordinary cells. Not only is this famous woman buried in an unmarked grave, but also her family is â€Å"unmarked† with the monies her cells have generated. One of the incidents Skloot relates concerns her ongoing relationship with Lacks’s youngest daughter, Deborah. When Skloot began her research, Deborah was in her sixties. Deborah’s approach to the revelation about her mother was mixed. On one hand, she had many sober questions about her mother’s illness, her ongoing â€Å"life,† and its contributions to science as well as about the implications for her own health. On the other hand, she feared that her mother’s cells felt the effects of the diseases they were employed to study. At times Deborah believed her mother to be, in some sense, alive and capable of feeling the pain and other accompanying effects of AIDS, Ebola, and other diseases. She had read that her mother’s cells had been used for researching cures for these diseases. She vacillated between a cooperative and friendly attitude toward the author and a paranoid and distrustful stance. Skloot stuck with Deborah through her bouts with depression, hysteria, and severe cases of hives. The author once even came to blows with Lacks’s daughter, and she was present when Deborah was exorcized. By the time the book was published, Deborah had died.  

Comparison of Chinese and Japanese TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparison of Chinese and Japanese TV - Essay Example Programming content in Japan covers a variety of areas, with satellite channels also available. New programs are primarily broadcast during the mornings, while the evening hours are generally given over to romantic or other dramas and comedies, which are a staple of Japanese television, additionally, science fiction programs are also offered and anime or Japanese animation programs are very popular television programs, not only among the Japanese but also in other countries of the world. Variety shows are also offered such as skits, quiz contests musical performances and stunt shows. Television programming in China is controlled by the State which greatly limits the scope and extent of programming in China. For instance, state controlled television channels have been continually showing programs that remind the Chinese of the horrors that the Japanese inflicted upon them during the Second World War. (Vance, 2008). During this time, many thousands of Chinese people were killed by Japa nese raids in Nanjing and other cities in China, with individuals in China being tortured and executed. The continual flashing of these horrific images on Chinese television has kept the memories of these Japanese atrocities alive in Chinese minds and has   produced the rhetoric of hate in China. Chinese television shows programs and movies that so some degree or the other, relive the Japanese invasion into China and some of them are so powerful and graphic in their realistic images of brutality.

Personal Health Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Health Lab - Essay Example The issue of financial benefit from Lacks’s cells continues to be raised. Her heirs are the antithesis of a Norman Rockwell American family. Since many of them live at a subsistence level and often without health care, there is considerable irony in the fact that millions of dollars have been made on Lacks’s genetic material. Those who carry her genes have not seen one cent of that windfall. Decades passed before the family even knew of the continued existence of their mother, in her extraordinary cells. Not only is this famous woman buried in an unmarked grave, but also her family is â€Å"unmarked† with the monies her cells have generated. One of the incidents Skloot relates concerns her ongoing relationship with Lacks’s youngest daughter, Deborah. When Skloot began her research, Deborah was in her sixties. Deborah’s approach to the revelation about her mother was mixed. On one hand, she had many sober questions about her mother’s illness, her ongoing â€Å"life,† and its contributions to science as well as about the implications for her own health. On the other hand, she feared that her mother’s cells felt the effects of the diseases they were employed to study. At times Deborah believed her mother to be, in some sense, alive and capable of feeling the pain and other accompanying effects of AIDS, Ebola, and other diseases. She had read that her mother’s cells had been used for researching cures for these diseases. She vacillated between a cooperative and friendly attitude toward the author and a paranoid and distrustful stance. Skloot stuck with Deborah through her bouts with depression, hysteria, and severe cases of hives. The author once even came to blows with Lacks’s daughter, and she was present when Deborah was exorcized. By the time the book was published, Deborah had died.